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13th Armored Division (United States)

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13th Armored Division
13th Armored Division shoulder sleeve insignia
Active15 October 1942 – 15 November 1945
1947–52
Country United States
Branch United States Army
TypeArmor
RoleArmored warfare
SizeDivision
Nickname(s)"The Black Cats"
EngagementsWorld War II
Commanders
Notable
commanders		MG John B. Wogan (1942–45)
MG John Millikin (1945)
U.S. Armored Divisions
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12th Armored Division (Inactive) 14th Armored Division (Inactive)

The 13th Armored Division was an armored division of the United States Army in World War II.

History and combat chronicle

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The division was activated on 15 October 1942 at Camp Beale, east of Marysville, California.

The 13th Armored, known as the Black Cats, landed at Le Havre, France, 29 January 1945. After performing occupation duties, the Division moved to Homberg near Kassel to prepare for combat under the Third Army, 5 April. At Altenkirchen, it was attached to the XVIII Airborne Corps and prepared for the Ruhr Pocket operation. The attack jumped off at Honnef, 10 April. After crossing the river Sieg at Siegburg, the 13th pushed north to Bergisch Gladbach, then toward Duisburg and Mettmann by 18 April.

Shifting south to Eschenau, the Division prepared for Bavarian operations. Starting from Parsberg, 26 April, the 13th crossed the Regen river, then the Danube at Matting and secured the area near Dünzling. On the 28th, elements closed in at Plattling and crossed the Isar River. Moderate to heavy resistance was met during this drive through southern Germany. The Division smashed into Braunau am Inn, Austria, 2 May, and the command post was set up in the house where Hitler was born. A bridgehead across the Inn was established at Marktl, but the river was not crossed as orders came to reassemble north of Inn River, 2 May.

Preparations were made for further advances when the war in Europe ended. The 13th remained in Germany until 25 June and left Le Havre, France, for home, 14 July 1945.

The division moved to Camp Cook, California after returning to the United States. It was training in amphibious operations at the time of the Japanese surrender. The men were aware that it was an open secret that they were likely to participate in the invasion of Japan. It was inactivated on 15 November 1945.

The division was reactivated in 1947, reflagged from the 19th Armored Division, which had been "placed on rolls", but not actually activated, during World War II. The 19th Armored Division was eventually activated just after the war, and allotted to the Sixth Army area of the Organized Reserves (specifically California, Oregon, and Arizona).[1] In 1947, the 19th Armored Division was reflagged as the 13th Armored Division at California's request.[2] In 1952, the division was reflagged as the 63rd Infantry Division in Los Angeles, California, and thus the 13th Armored Division was finally inactivated.

Composition

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The division was composed of the following units:[3]

  • Headquarters Company
  • Combat Command A
  • Combat Command B
  • Reserve Command
  • 24th Tank Battalion
  • 45th Tank Battalion
  • 46th Tank Battalion
  • 16th Armored Infantry Battalion
  • 59th Armored Infantry Battalion
  • 67th Armored Infantry Battalion
  • 93rd Cavalry Reconnaissance Squadron (Mechanized)
  • 124th Armored Engineer Battalion
  • 153rd Armored Signal Company
  • 13th Armored Division Artillery
    • 496th Armored Field Artillery Battalion
    • 497th Armored Field Artillery Battalion
    • 498th Armored Field Artillery Battalion
  • 13th Armored Division Trains
    • 135th Armored Ordnance Maintenance Battalion
    • 83rd Armored Medical Battalion
    • Military Police Platoon
    • Band

Statistics

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Casualties

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  • Total battle casualties: 1,176[4]
  • Killed in action: 214[4]
  • Wounded in action: 912[4]
  • Missing in action: 16[4]
  • Prisoner of war: 34[4]

Awards

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[5]

Campaigns

  • Rhineland
  • Central Europe

Individual Awards

References

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  1. ^ Wilson, John B. (1997). Maneuver and Firepower: The Evolution of Divisions and Separate Brigades. Washington, DC: Center of Military History.[1] Archived 1 March 2014 at the Wayback Machine
  2. ^ McKenny, Janice E. (1997). "Appendix A: Divisions Reflagged". Reflagging in the Army. United States Army Center of Military History. Archived from the original on 1 December 2017. Retrieved 14 July 2008.
  3. ^ "Order of Battle of the US Army - WWII - ETO - 13th Armored Division". US Army Center of Military History. Retrieved 22 May 2020.
  4. ^ a b c d e Army Battle Casualties and Nonbattle Deaths, Final Report (Statistics and Accounting Branch, Office of the Adjutant General, 1 June 1953)
  5. ^ Office of the Theater Historian (December 1945). Order of Battle of the United States Army – World War II European Theater of Operations. Part I – Order of Battle of Divisions. 13th Armored Division. Paris, France: U.S. Army Center of Military History. p. 532. Archived from the original on 13 May 2017. Retrieved 5 October 2015.
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